Beschreibung

Thrombosis in Cancer: A Medical Professional’s Guide to Cancer Associated Thrombosis PDF

ISBN: B096CJ949C, 9781681087856, 978-1681087856

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers (May 31, 2021)

Publication date: May 31, 2021

FORMAT ORIGINAL PDF

CONTENTS

FOREWORD …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. i

PREFACE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ii

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS …………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii

CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF CANCER-ASSOCIATED THROMBOSIS …………………………….. 1

INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1

EPIDEMIOLOGY ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2

PROGNOSIS AND IMPACT OF VTE IN CANCER PATIENTS …………………………………….. 3

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION …………………………………………………………………………………… 4

CONFLICT OF INTEREST …………………………………………………………………………………………… 4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4

REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4

CHAPTER 2 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS FOR CANCER-ASSOCIATED

THROMBOSIS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8

RISK FACTORS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12

Tumor Related Factors ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 12

Treatment-Related Factors ………………………………………………………………………………………… 13

Surgery ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13

Hospitalization ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13

Chemotherapy, Hormonal Therapy, and Radiotherapy ………………………………………… 13

Supportive Therapy …………………………………………………………………………………………. 15

Patient-Related Factors …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15

BIOMARKERS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16

RISK MODELS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION …………………………………………………………………………………… 19

CONFLICT OF INTEREST …………………………………………………………………………………………… 19

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19

REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19

CHAPTER 3 IMPACT OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM ON CANCER SURVIVAL ….. 27

BACKGROUND …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 27

INCIDENCE ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 27

MORTALITY ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28

VTE RECURRENCE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29

EFFECT OF ANTICOAGULATION IN CANCER …………………………………………………………. 29

CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 30

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION …………………………………………………………………………………… 30

CONFLICT OF INTEREST …………………………………………………………………………………………… 30

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 30

REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 30

CHAPTER 4 OCCULT CANCER WORKUP IN IDIOPATHIC VENOUS

THROMBOEMBOLISM ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33

INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION …………………………………………………………………………………… 36

CONFLICT OF INTEREST …………………………………………………………………………………………… 36

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 36

REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 36

CHAPTER 5 CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED THROMBOSIS ……………………………………………… 40

INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 40

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 41

PROPHYLAXIS DURING CHEMOTHERAPY ……………………………………………………………… 42

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION …………………………………………………………………………………… 43

CONFLICT OF INTEREST …………………………………………………………………………………………… 43

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43

REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43

CHAPTER 6 CATHETER-RELATED THROMBOSIS IN CANCER ……………………………………. 47

INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 47

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS ……………………………………………………………………… 48

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TYPES OF CRT ………………………………………………………………. 48

Pericatheter Sheath or Fibrin Sleeve …………………………………………………………………………… 49

Intraluminal Clot ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50

Mural Thrombus ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50

Other Causes …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50

CLINICAL PRESENTATION ………………………………………………………………………………………… 50

DIAGNOSIS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 51

TREATMENT ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 52

Removal of Catheter ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 52

Systemic Anticoagulation …………………………………………………………………………………………. 53

Other Options ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 53

PREVENTION OF CRT IN CANCER PATIENTS …………………………………………………………. 54

CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 55

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION …………………………………………………………………………………… 56

CONFLICT OF INTEREST …………………………………………………………………………………………… 56

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 56

REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 56

CHAPTER 7 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER-ASSOCIATED THROMBOSIS ……………………… 62

INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 63

INITIAL TREATMENT …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 63

Anticoagulants ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 63

Low Molecular Weight Heparin ………………………………………………………………………… 63

Factor Xa Inhibitors ………………………………………………………………………………………… 65

Unfractionated Heparin …………………………………………………………………………………… 66

Warfarin ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 66

LONG TERM MANAGEMENT …………………………………………………………………………………….. 67

ROLE OF DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS ………………………………………………………….. 68

FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF CHOOSING ANTICOAGULATION ………………………………….. 73

MECHANICAL DEVICES …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 73

Inferior Vena Cava Filters ………………………………………………………………………………………… 73

IMPACT ON SURVIVAL WITH ANTI-THROMBOTIC THERAPY ……………………………… 76

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION …………………………………………………………………………………… 78
CONFLICT OF INTEREST …………………………………………………………………………………………… 78
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 78
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 78
CHAPTER 8 SPECIAL CASES IN CANCER-ASSOCIATED THROMBOSIS ……………………… 85
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 85
VTE and Thrombocytopenia ……………………………………………………………………………………… 85
RECURRENT VTE ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 86
VTE IN RENAL IMPAIRMENT …………………………………………………………………………………….. 87
INCIDENTAL VTE IN CANCER …………………………………………………………………………………… 87
MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS AND VTE ……………………………………………………… 88
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION AND VTE …………………………………………………….. 89
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION …………………………………………………………………………………… 90
CONFLICT OF INTEREST …………………………………………………………………………………………… 90
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 90
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 90
CHAPTER 9 ANTITUMOR EFFECTS OF HEPARIN …………………………………………………………. 95
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 95
TYPES OF HEPARIN ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 96
Unfractionated Heparin …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 96
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin ……………………………………………………………………………….. 96
Butanoylated Heparin ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 97
EFFECTS OF HEPARIN ON TUMOR …………………………………………………………………………… 97
Anti-Angiogenesis Effects ………………………………………………………………………………………… 97
Antiproliferative Effects …………………………………………………………………………………………… 98
Effects on Immune System ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 98
CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 99
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION …………………………………………………………………………………… 99
CONFLICT OF INTEREST …………………………………………………………………………………………… 99
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 99
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 99
CHAPTER 10 VTE PROPHYLAXIS ……………………………………………………………………………………. 104
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 104
RISK STRATIFICATION ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 105
INPATIENT VTE PROPHYLAXIS ………………………………………………………………………………… 106
OUTPATIENT VTE PROPHYLAXIS …………………………………………………………………………….. 106
PERIOPERATIVE VTE PROPHYLAXIS ………………………………………………………………………. 108
SOCIETY GUIDELINES ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 108
CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 113
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION …………………………………………………………………………………… 113
CONFLICT OF INTEREST …………………………………………………………………………………………… 113
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 113
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 113
Omar Albanyan and Ikponmwosa Enofe
Samanjit Kandola and Manoj Rai
Fawzi Abu Rous, Manoj Rai, Osama Mosalem, Layan El-khatib, Calvin Abro and
Abdullah Al-abcha
SUBJECT INDEX ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………