Junqueira’s Basic Histology: Text and Atlas 16thed, SIXTEENTH Edition

Contents

PREFACE VII | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IX

1 Histology & Its Methods

of Study 1

Preparation of Tissues for Study 1

Light Microscopy 4

Electron Microscopy 8

Autoradiography 9

Cell & Tissue Culture 10

Enzyme Histochemistry 10

Visualizing Specific Molecules 10

Interpretation of Structures in

Tissue Sections 14

Summary of Key Points 15

Assess Your Knowledge 16

2 The Cytoplasm 17

Cell Differentiation 17

The Plasma Membrane 17

Cytoplasmic Organelles 27

The Cytoskeleton 42

Inclusions 48

Summary of Key Points 51

Assess Your Knowledge 52

3 The Nucleus 53

Components of the Nucleus 53

The Cell Cycle 58

Mitosis 61

Stem Cells & Tissue Renewal 65

Meiosis 65

Apoptosis 67

Summary of Key Points 69

Assess Your Knowledge 70

4 Epithelial Tissue 71

Characteristic Features of Epithelial Cells 71

Specializations of the Apical Cell Surface 77

Types of Epithelia 80

Transport Across Epithelia 88

Renewal of Epithelial Cells 88

Summary of Key Points 90

Assess Your Knowledge 93

5 Connective Tissue 96

Cells of Connective Tissue 96

Fibers 103

Ground Substance 111

Types of Connective Tissue 114

Summary of Key Points 119

Assess Your Knowledge 120

6 Adipose Tissue 122

White Adipose Tissue 122

Brown Adipose Tissue 126

Summary of Key Points 127

Assess Your Knowledge 128

7 Cartilage 129

Hyaline Cartilage 129

Elastic Cartilage 133

Fibrocartilage 134

Cartilage Formation, Growth, & Repair 134

Summary of Key Points 136

Assess Your Knowledge 136

8 Bone 138

Bone Cells 138

Bone Matrix 143

Periosteum & Endosteum 143

Types of Bone 143

Osteogenesis 148

Bone Remodeling & Repair 152

Metabolic Role of Bone 154

Joints 155

Summary of Key Points 158

Assess Your Knowledge 159

9 Nerve Tissue & the Nervous

System 161

Development of Nerve Tissue 161

Neurons 163

Glial Cells & Neuronal Activity 168

Central Nervous System 175

Peripheral Nervous System 182

Neural Plasticity & Regeneration 187

Summary of Key Points 190

Assess Your Knowledge 191

10 Muscle Tissue 193

Skeletal Muscle 193

Cardiac Muscle 206

Smooth Muscle 208

Regeneration of Muscle Tissue 213

Summary of Key Points 213

Assess Your Knowledge 214

11 The Circulatory System 215

Heart 215

Tissues of the Vascular Wall 219

Vasculature 220

Lymphatic Vascular System 232

Summary of Key Points 235

Assess Your Knowledge 235

12 Blood 237

Composition of Plasma 237

Blood Cells 239

Summary of Key Points 252

Assess Your Knowledge 252

13 Hemopoiesis 254

Stem Cells, Growth Factors, & Differentiation 254

Bone Marrow 255

Maturation of Erythrocytes 258

Maturation of Granulocytes 260

Maturation of Agranulocytes 263

Origin of Platelets 263

Summary of Key Points 265

Assess Your Knowledge 265

14 The Immune System & Lymphoid

Organs 267

Innate & Adaptive Immunity 267

Cytokines 269

Antigens & Antibodies 269

Antigen Presentation 271

Cells of Adaptive Immunity 273

Thymus 276

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue 281

Lymph Nodes 282

Spleen 286

Summary of Key Points 293

Assess Your Knowledge 294

15 Digestive Tract 295

General Structure of the Digestive Tract 295

Oral Cavity 298

Esophagus 305

Stomach 307

Small Intestine 314

Large Intestine 320

Summary of Key Points 326

Assess Your Knowledge 328

16 Organs Associated with the Digestive

Tract 329

Salivary Glands 329

Pancreas 332

Liver 335

Biliary Tract & Gallbladder 345

Summary of Key Points 346

Assess Your Knowledge 348

17 The Respiratory System 349

Nasal Cavities 349

Pharynx 352

Larynx 352

Trachea 354

Bronchial Tree & Lung 355

Lung Vasculature & Nerves 367

Pleural Membranes 368

Respiratory Movements 369

Summary of Key Points 369

Assess Your Knowledge 370

18 Skin 371

Epidermis 372

Dermis 380

Subcutaneous Tissue 381

Sensory Receptors 382

Hair 383

Nails 384

Skin Glands 385

Skin Repair 388

Summary of Key Points 391

Assess Your Knowledge 392

19 The Urinary System 393

Kidneys 393

Blood Circulation 394

Renal Function: Filtration, Secretion,

& Reabsorption 395

Ureters, Bladder, & Urethra 407

Summary of Key Points 411

Assess Your Knowledge 412

20 Endocrine Glands 413

Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) 413

Adrenal Glands 423

Pancreatic Islets 427

Diffuse Neuroendocrine

System 429

Thyroid Gland 430

Parathyroid Glands 432

Pineal Gland 435

Summary of Key Points 437

Assess Your Knowledge 437

21 The Male Reproductive

System 439

Testes 439

Intratesticular Ducts 449

Excretory Genital Ducts 449

Accessory Glands 451

Penis 456

Summary of Key Points 457

Assess Your Knowledge 459

22 The Female Reproductive System 460

Ovaries 460

Uterine Tubes 470

Major Events of Fertilization 471

Uterus 473

Embryonic Implantation, Decidua, & the Placenta 478

Cervix 480

Vagina 483

External Genitalia 484

Mammary Glands 484

Summary of Key Points 488

Assess Your Knowledge 489

23 The Eye & Ear: Special Sense

Organs 490

Eyes: The Photoreceptor System 490

Ears: The Vestibuloauditory System 509

Summary of Key Points 522

Assess Your Knowledge 522

APPENDIX 525

FIGURE CREDITS 527

INDEX 529